Up to one month

The first month of pregnancy is an exciting time, biologically as well as emotionally. Inside the mother's body, the fertilised egg is implanting itself into the lining of the womb, or the endometrium. When it has done this, it starts to divide into layers of cells which will eventually form parts of the body. The embryo will be approximately one millimetre in size. At this stage the placenta, which connects the mother's circulation with the embryo, the umbilical cord and the amniotic fluid and its membrane are also starting to develop.

As for the mums-to-be, they should be getting used to looking after themselves well in preparation for the nine month period. This means ensuring that they are eating a healthy, balanced diet with lots of green vegetables and a good supply of vitamins and minerals - with folic acid being particularly important. Any unhealthy habits, such as smoking or excessive drinking, need to be dropped now, as these in particular can be a real risk to both mother and baby. It is a good idea for mums-to-be to help prepare their body for pregnancy and birth by keeping it in the best possible condition. They can do this by taking some gentle, regular exercise such as walking, swimming or yoga, subject to approval by their GP.

It is also important to start to make emotional and psychological preparations for pregnancy, by talking through the practicalities and issues with partners, as well as spending time with other pregnant women and new mothers. It is also important to establish a way to manage stress and relax as much as possible. This could be by doing something as simple as listening to classical music - the more relaxed a mum-to-be is the more enjoyable the pregnancy and the better it is for the baby.